Europe isn’t a single health system – each country runs its own mix of public and private care. Some places, like the UK, rely heavily on a national service, while others, such as Germany or Spain, blend insurance and out‑of‑pocket options. Knowing the basics helps you avoid surprise bills and get the right treatment when you travel or move.
Public health in most European nations is funded by taxes or compulsory insurance. In the UK, the NHS provides free GP visits, emergency care, and specialist referrals for residents. Germany’s statutory health insurance covers a similar range but requires a payroll contribution, and patients can still see private doctors if they wish. France’s Sécurité Sociale works like a hybrid – the state pays most services, but many people add private complementary plans to cover what the public side doesn’t.
If you’re a tourist, the rules change. The UK lets visitors use NHS emergency services, but routine appointments usually need private insurance or cash payment. Other EU countries often require travel insurance that includes medical coverage, especially for non‑EU citizens. Keeping a simple travel health policy can save you from hefty invoices.
Public care is generally low‑cost for residents, but you still pay small fees for prescriptions, dentistry, or eye exams. In the UK, a prescription might cost £9.35, while in Sweden you pay a fixed co‑pay for each visit. Private care varies widely: a private GP visit in the UK can run £100‑£200, whereas the same in Spain might be €80‑€120.
When you compare out‑of‑pocket expenses, remember that many European countries cap what you pay each year. Germany, for example, limits total private spending to about €2,000 annually. That ceiling protects people from runaway bills, a safety net you won’t find in the US.
Medical tourism is booming in Europe, especially for dental work, cosmetic procedures, and elective surgeries. Countries like Hungary and Poland offer high‑quality dental care at a fraction of UK prices. If you plan to travel for treatment, check the clinic’s accreditation, understand the follow‑up plan, and factor in any travel‑related costs.
One practical tip: always bring your health card or proof of insurance, and ask for an itemised receipt after any treatment. This makes it easier to claim reimbursements from private insurers or claim back any eligible public costs.
Overall, European healthcare combines strong public safety nets with a thriving private market. Whether you’re a resident, an expat, or a visitor, knowing which system you’re dealing with, what it covers, and how much you might pay lets you stay healthy without breaking the bank.
Curious about which country in Europe has the best healthcare? Explore the real differences, practical info, surprises, and key facts to help you understand the European healthcare landscape.